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| − | :<span class="dablink">''For the automobile, see [[Ferrari Enzo Ferrari]].''</span> [[Image:Enzo Ferrari.jpg|thumb|200px|right|'''Enzo Ferrari 1898-1988''']] | + | :<span class="dablink">''For the automobile, see [[Ferrari Enzo Ferrari]].''</span> [[Image:Enzo Ferrari.jpg|thumb|220px|right|'''Enzo Ferrari 1898-1988''']] |
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| | ==Biography== | | ==Biography== |
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| − | Born in [[Modena]], [[Italy]], Ferrari grew up with little formal education but a strong desire to race cars. During [[World War I]] he was a mule-skinner, his father Alfredo and brother Dino died in 1916. Leaving the army, the family firm had collapsed and Ferrari sought work with [[Fiat]] but could only find it with the small firm CMN. He took up racing in 1919, initially with little success.
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| − | He left CMN in 1920 to work at [[Alfa Romeo]], racing their cars in local races he had more success. In 1923, racing in Ravenna, he acquired a Prancing Horse badge (a WWI pilot symbol), although this did not make it onto a car until 1932. In 1924 he won the Coppa Acerbo at Pescara. His successes in local races encouraged Alfa to offer him a chance of much more prestigious competition and he was lauded by [[Mussolini]]. Ferrari turned this opportunity down and in something of a funk he did not race again until 1927 and even then his racing career was mostly over. He continued to work directly for Alfa Romeo until 1929 before starting Scuderia Ferrari as the racing team for Alfa.
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| − | Ferrari managed the development of the factory Alfa cars, and built up a team of over forty drivers, including [[Giuseppe Campari]] and [[Tazio Nuvolari]]. Ferrari himself continued racing until the birth of his first son in 1932 (Alfredo, known as Dino, who died in 1956). The support of Alfa Romeo lasted until 1933 when financial constraints made Alfa withdraw, it required the intervention of Pirelli for Ferrari to receive any cars at all. Despite the quality of the Scuderia drivers the company won few victories (1935 in Germany by Nuvolari was an exception), [[Auto Union]] and [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] dominated. In 1937 Alfa took control of its racing efforts again, reducing Ferrari to Director of Sports under Alfa's engineering director. Ferrari soon left, but a contract clause restricted him from racing or designing for four years.
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| − | He set up Auto-Avio Costruzioni, a company supplying parts to other racing teams. But in the [[Mille Miglia]] of 1940 the company manufactured two cars to compete, driven by [[Alberto Ascari]] and [[Lothario Rangoni]]. During [[WW II]] his firm was involved in war production and following bombing relocated from Modena to [[Maranello]]. It was not until after WW II that Ferrari sought to shed his fascist reputation and make cars bearing his name, founding Ferrari in 1947.
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| − | The first race was in Monaco in 1947, but the first victory was not until the British Grand Prix of 1951. The first championship came in 1952-53, when the [[Formula One]] season was raced with [[Formula Two]] cars. The company also sold production sports cars in order to finance the racing endeavours not only in Grand Prix but also in events such as the [[Mille Miglia]] and [[Le Mans]]. Indeed many of the firm's greatest victories came at Le Mans (14 victories, including six in a row 1960-65) rather than in Grand Prix, certainly the company was more involed there than in Formula One during the [[1950s]] and [[1960s]] despite the successes of [[Juan-Manuel Fangio]] (1956), [[Mike Hawthorn]] (1958), [[Phil Hill]] (1961) and [[John Surtees]] (1964).
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| − | In the 1960s the problems of reduced demand and inadequate financing forced Ferrari to allow Fiat to take a stake in the company, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] had tried to buy the firm in 1963 for $18m but had been rejected. The company became joint-stock and Fiat took a small share in 1965 and then in 1969 they increased their holding to 50% of the company (In 1988 Fiat's holding was increased to 90%). Ferrari remained managing director until 1971. Despite stepping down he remained an influence over the firm until his death. The input of Fiat took some time to come through however, it was not until 1975 with [[Niki Lauda]] that the firm won any championships - the skill of the driver and the ability of the engine overcoming the deficiencies of the chassis and aerodynamics. But after those successes and the promise of [[Jody Scheckter]] title in 1979, the company's Formula One championship hopes fell into the doldrums. 1982 opened with a strong car, the 126C2, world-class drivers, and promising results in the early races. However, otherworldly talent [[Gilles Villeneuve]] was killed in the 126C2 in May, and teammate [[Didier Pironi]] had his career cut short in a violent end over end flip on the misty backstraight at [[Hockenheimring|Hockenheim]] in August. Pironi was leading the driver's championship at the time; he would lose the lead as he sat out thew remaining races. The team would not see championship glory again during Enzo's lifetime. Ferrari died in [[Modena]] in 1988 at the age of 90 at the beginning of the dominance of the Mclaren Honda combination.
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| − | Together with his honours of Cavaliere and Commendatore in the [[1920s]], he was made a Cavaliere del Lavoro in 1952 received a number of honorary degrees, the [[Hammarskjöld Prize]] in 1962, the [[Columbus Prize]] in 1965, and the [[De Gasperi Award]] in 1987. In [[1994]], he was posthumously iducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]].
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| − | After the death of his son [[Alfredo Ferrari]], Enzo wore sunglasses just about every day to honor his son.
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| − | == Books ==
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| − | * ''Enzo Ferrari: The Man, the Cars, the Races, the Machine'' by Brock Yates (Doubleday 1991)
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| − | == External link ==
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| − | *[http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/ferrari_bio.htm Grand Prix History - Hall of Fame], Enzo Ferrari
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| − | *[http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/con-ferra.html GrandPrix.com biography]
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